A holiday home permit costs AED 300 per bedroom, no more than AED 1,200 a year, and an inspection costs AED 300 (Resolution No. 49/2014); the Tourism Dirham is AED 10 / 15 per occupied room per night (Resolution No. 2/2014). Dubai’s support package of May 21, 2026 exempts properties registered with DET from holiday home permit fees and from the Tourism Dirham; the agency announces the relief period for each measure, and no end date was found.
What this changes in the calculation
These fees may currently be zero; the relief period is not confirmed.
Abu Dhabi Executive Council Resolution No. 49/2018 (Annex 1, item 1) sets the fee for registering a sale at from 1 to 4% of the price or of the municipality’s valuation, if that is higher; unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the fee is split in half.
What this changes in the calculation
By default the buyer pays half of the fee; the whole fee only if the contract shifts it to the buyer.
The AED 750,000 threshold is no longer on the DLD service page: a sole owner applies at any property value, a co-owner’s share must be at least AED 400,000, and the fee is AED 10,212.50. The page does not state a start date. The golden visa is unchanged: from AED 2 million, a mortgaged property with a bank letter.
What this changes in the calculation
Does not affect taxes; the investor visa threshold is now not “from AED 750,000” but “no minimum, co-owner from AED 400,000”.
The bill was tabled on October 30, 2026; on November 4 AC 3174-bis was split off, and it is in the V Committee. Article 5: for agreed-rent contracts concluded in 2027, cedolare is 5% (1% for a tenant under 36) for the period from 2027 to 2031; short let 21 / 26% unchanged. The rates of 26 / 12.5% on savings, IVIE 1.06% and IVAFE 0.2% match (PwC).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing for now; the rates of 26 / 12.5 / 26 / 26% match.
Russian Presidential Decree No. 816 of November 5, 2026 entered into force on the day of its official publication (November 6, 2026 according to the legal databases). It supplements Decrees No. 81, 95, 254, 618, 737 and 198: if an individual has not presented a passport or residence permit of Russia or of a country that is not on the “unfriendly” list, they are treated as a person from an “unfriendly” country. For deals with Russian property this means a special procedure: settlement through a type “C” account on a sale, and Government Commission permits in the cases where they are required. There are no transition rules.
What this changes in the calculation
Does not affect the rates; for a foreigner who buys or sells an apartment in Russia without supporting documents, taking money abroad is restricted.
Under Personal Income Tax Law 109/2025 (from July 1, 2026), interest on deposits and on government bonds is exempt (Art. 4(6)); other interest and dividends 5% (PwC, September 23, 2026); sales of securities 0.1% of the transaction price. The tax free threshold for household business rentals was raised to 1 billion dong a year from January 1, 2026 (amendments of April 24, 2026, Decree 141/2026; PwC); above it, 5% of revenue. Property sales 2% of the price; a sole home is exempt.
What this changes in the calculation
Government bonds: becomes 0%; corporate bonds: 5%; deposit 0% and fund 0.1% match.
According to PwC (June 11, 2026), the 0.1% applies to sales of shares on the IDX exchange, while gains on mutual fund units (reksa dana) are exempt income. Deposit 20%, bonds 10%, rent 10% and sale 2.5% match.
What this changes in the calculation
Fund: was 0.1%, becomes 0% for mutual fund units (a clarification, not a new rule).
National Bank of Kazakhstan resolution No. 29 of March 31, 2026 (in force since April 19, 2026) lets an individual transfer up to USD 10,000 without opening an account; banks report foreign currency transactions from USD 10,000. The text has no separate notice for buying property abroad.
What this changes in the calculation
Does not affect the amount; a large transfer for a purchase goes through an account.
Under article 430, subparagraphs 2 and 3, taxable income is reduced by interest on debt securities of Kazakhstani issuers and on securities on the official list of the Kazakhstan stock exchange. Government bonds are not named in the article directly.
What this changes in the calculation
Corporate bonds were 10 to 15%, become 0% for Kazakhstani issuers and listed securities (10 to 15% for foreign ones), from January 1, 2026; government bonds stay at 10 to 15% until direct confirmation.
Article 430, subparagraph 1 of the 2026 Tax Code of Kazakhstan reduces taxable income by interest on deposits in second-tier banks and licensed organizations of Kazakhstan; article 400, paragraph 1, subparagraph 18 carries the same reduction into the tax return. Deposits in foreign banks are taxed at 10% up to 8,500 MCI and 15% above.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit was 10 to 15%, becomes 0% for deposits in Kazakhstan banks (10 to 15% for foreign ones), from January 1, 2026.
Rental income and the gain on selling a foreign apartment are declared in Kazakhstan at 10% and 15%; for foreign property the holding period gives no exemption (art. 383). Georgian tax is credited up to the Kazakhstani tax (Tax Code art. 413, art. 24 of the 1997 treaty, in force since July 5, 2000; arts. 6 and 13 leave Georgia the right to tax property located there).
What this changes in the calculation
With the Georgian 5% on rent, a Kazakhstan resident pays an extra 5% (up to 10%); on a sale the top-up is 10% of the gain, and after 2 years in Georgia there is no credit, so the full Kazakhstani rate is paid.
From July 1, 2026 the lowest resident rate is 15% (previously 16%). Capital gains reform Act No. 49 of 2026 takes effect on July 1, 2027: the 50% discount is replaced by indexation, with a 30% minimum tax on gains; foreign and temporary residents get no indexation; losses on housing bought after May 12, 2026 cannot be offset against other income. FIRB fees for the 2026/27 financial year: new dwelling from AUD 1 to 2 million, AUD 31,300; established dwelling, AUD 93,900. On November 3, 2026 the Reserve Bank raised the cash rate from 4.60 to 4.85%.
What this changes in the calculation
For a foreigner, gains after July 1, 2027 are calculated without indexation, and the FIRB fee is added to the purchase.
At the meeting that ended on November 4, the Bank of England raised Bank Rate from 3.75 to 4.00% (8 votes to 1); the next decision is on December 17, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
The alternative return and the mortgage rate in the UK are higher; savings rates do not change.
Article 602 of the 2026 Tax Code sets 16 brackets: 0.05% up to KZT 2 million, and at the top bracket KZT 2,946,600 plus 2% of the value above KZT 450 million. The local council (maslikhat) may change the rate by 50% only for the land under housing.
What this changes in the calculation
For a typical apartment the property tax is roughly 0.05 to 0.1% of value per year.
Under article 24 of the Law on Housing Relations, a landlord ends an open-ended lease with at least 3 months’ notice; a tenant leaves with a month’s notice or by paying for a month; the lease survives a change of owner. Eviction only by court order; the law does not set the size of the deposit.
What this changes in the calculation
Does not affect the amount; the notice period is for the country guide.
RWT rates for individuals are 10.5 / 17.5 / 30 / 33 / 39% depending on income; 28% applies to companies. There is no new rule: the discrepancy is old. The RBNZ kept the OCR at 2.75% on October 28, 2026; the next decision is on December 9, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit, government and corporate bonds were 28 to 39%, become 10.5 to 39%; fund unchanged.
The rate was cut to 3.25% from September 1, 2026 and left unchanged on October 21, 2026. According to the official schedule the next decision is on November 23, 2026, taking effect on November 26.
What this changes in the calculation
The mortgage rate and the alternative return are unchanged for now.
From July 29, 2026 the 2.5% tax on the price applies to sales of housing and building land for any number of transactions, including sales of inherited property and one’s own home; the payment deadline is 60 days instead of 30. Laws 148/2026 to 154/2026 were published in the Official Gazette on July 28, 2026, and Law 155/2026 on August 2, 2026.
The law on real estate ownership by foreigners has been in force since January 22, 2026; the regulation was published on July 3, 2026: a 2% fee on the transaction in Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca and Medina, 0% elsewhere. The 5% real estate transaction tax (RETT) is paid by all buyers; in Mecca and Medina only Muslims may own property.
What this changes in the calculation
Purchase costs in the four cities are 7% of the price instead of 5%.
Balloon and bullet loans whose interest is paid by the developer are capped at 10% of a bank’s quarterly lending until December 31, 2026 (amendment to directive 329). LTV limits: 75% for an only home, 70% for a replacement, 50% for an investment home; under the directive’s definitions a non-resident falls into the 50% group.
What this changes in the calculation
A non-resident’s mortgage in Israel is up to 50% of the price (a conclusion from the text of the directive).
Lease rights to Israel Land Authority land pass to a foreigner only with the approval of the Council chair or the ILA director; a person entitled to repatriate is not considered a foreigner. A foreigner with no other home can be approved for one apartment; inheritance is not covered by the procedure.
What this changes in the calculation
Does not affect the amount; adds a step and time to the deal.
The market regulator AMMC states a 15% rate on gains on equity fund units (as for listed shares) and 20% for other funds and bonds. Interest 30%, rent 10% up to MAD 120,000 a year and 15% above, property sales 20% of the gain, at least 3% of the price (PwC).
What this changes in the calculation
Fund was empty; it can be filled with 15% (equity) or 20% (other).
The decision was announced on November 4, 2026: the rate was raised by 0.25 points, from 1.75 to 2.00%, effective November 11, 2026; the bank considers a further increase within the year likely.
What this changes in the calculation
The benchmark for deposit and mortgage rates in Sweden is 0.25 points higher; tax rates do not change (30%).
The double taxation treaty between Germany and Georgia was signed on June 1, 2006, has been in force since December 21, 2007 and applies from January 1, 2008. Rent from and the sale of an apartment in Georgia are taxed by Georgia (arts. 6 and 13); Germany exempts them but takes them into account when setting the rate on other income (art. 23). Interest on a deposit in a Georgian bank is taxed only by Germany (art. 11), that is at 26.375%; rental losses outside the EU can only be offset against income of the same kind from the same country (§2a EStG).
What this changes in the calculation
For a German resident the final tax on rent in Georgia equals the Georgian 5%, plus a higher rate on German income.
The Mietpreisbremse (new rent no higher than the local average plus 10%) has been extended: state regulations apply no longer than December 31, 2029 (law of July 17, 2025, BGBl. 2025 I No. 163). Increases under an existing lease are capped at 20% over 3 years, 15% in shortage areas. The deposit is at most three months’ rent excluding utilities; a tenant leaves with about 3 months’ notice.
What this changes in the calculation
Rent growth in Germany is capped by law; the model should assume indexation of no more than 15 or 20% over 3 years.
Rental income is taxed on the scale: in 2026 the tax-free allowance is EUR 12,348, then 14 to 42%, and 45% from EUR 277,826. For a non-resident, taxable income is increased by the tax-free allowance (§50 EStG), so tax is due from the first euro. Building depreciation is 2% (built 1925 to 2022), 3% (after December 31, 2022), 2.5% (before 1925); new rental apartments get an extra 5% for 4 years (§7b) and 5% of the remaining value (§7 para. 5a).
What this changes in the calculation
In the German rental model a non-resident pays from 14% on net income after depreciation.
The gain is taxed at 19% plus 17.2% contributions; a main home is exempt. The holding period allowance eliminates the tax after 22 years and contributions after 30 years; on gains above EUR 50,000 there is a surcharge of 2 to 6%. From February 15, 2025, for LMNP under the réel regime, depreciation already deducted is added to the gain on sale.
What this changes in the calculation
When exiting a furnished let the gain is larger by the amount of depreciation; with a holding period of up to 5 years there is no allowance.
From January 1, 2025 (Le Meur law No. 2024-1039) unclassified tourist accommodation under the micro-BIC regime gets a 30% deduction for income up to EUR 15,000, classified accommodation 50% up to EUR 77,700. Mandatory registration through the national service applies no later than May 20, 2026; a main home can be let for up to 120 days a year, and a municipality may lower this to 90 (Paris 90 days). The fine for not registering is up to EUR 10,000.
What this changes in the calculation
In the French short-let model the taxable base is 70% of revenue instead of the former 50%, with a limit of 90 or 120 nights for a main home.
The deposit is 1 month unfurnished, 2 months furnished; the lease is 3 years (6 years for a company) unfurnished, 1 year furnished. Class G housing under the DPE cannot be let from January 1, 2025, class F from January 1, 2028, and below D from January 1, 2034; rents for classes F and G cannot be raised since August 24, 2022.
What this changes in the calculation
A class F or G apartment needs renovation before letting; in Paris and other zones rent is capped.
The treaty between France and Georgia was signed on March 7, 2007, has been in force since June 1, 2010 and also covers CSG and CRDS. Rental income is taxed in Georgia; France grants a credit equal to the French tax (the income counts only for the rate). France taxes the gain on a sale itself (19% plus contributions, with holding period allowances) and credits the Georgian tax; if a sale in Georgia after 2 years is tax free, the credit is zero. Interest is taxed only in France; dividends at source at 0, 5 or 10%.
What this changes in the calculation
For a French resident the Georgian 5% on rent is final; when selling an apartment in Georgia, add the French 19% plus 17.2% (or 18.6%) on the gain, less holding period allowances.
By a decision of November 3, 2026 the refinancing rate was raised by 0.25 points to 7.00%; the Lombard repo rate is 8.50% and the deposit rate 5.50%. The previous increase, to 6.75%, was on September 15, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
The benchmark return on dram deposits and mortgages is higher; tax rates do not change.
The 2026 IFI is charged on net real estate wealth above EUR 1.3 million on a scale of 0.5 to 1.5%; a non-resident pays only on French property; there are no changes in 2026. The vacant housing tax (TLV) in conurbations of 50,000 inhabitants or more: 17% of the rental value in the first year, 34% thereafter. A municipality may raise the taxe d’habitation on second homes by 5 to 60%; the taxe foncière is indexed by 0.8% in 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
An apartment left empty for more than a year in a large city triggers a separate tax; for a second home, take the taxe d’habitation into account.
Income from unfurnished lettings bears 17.2% contributions, furnished (LMNP) 18.6%. Under the micro-foncier regime there is a 30% deduction for income up to EUR 15,000. A non-resident pays income tax of at least 20% (30% on the part above EUR 29,579) or at the average rate on worldwide income; with health insurance in the EEA, Switzerland or the UK, contributions are 7.5%.
What this changes in the calculation
In the French rental model a resident’s burden = scale + 17.2 or 18.6%; a non-resident’s 20% + 7.5 or 17.2%.
Letting your own home for periods of up to 30 days is tax free up to NOK 15,000 a year; above that, 85% of the excess is taxed at 22%. Savings rates of 22% and 37.84% for shares and funds (factor 1.72) for 2026 are confirmed by the tax authority. The Norges Bank rate is 4.50% since September 25, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Rates match; for short-let in Norway the first NOK 15,000 is tax free.
The government has submitted amendments to the Tax Code for 2027 to the House of Representatives. It proposes filing the return by April 30 instead of March 31 and paying the tax by August 1 instead of June 1. Changes to income tax rates are not mentioned in the materials.
From January 1, 2026 income from selling real estate is tax free after 5 years of ownership (previously 10). New real estate tax: a main home is exempt up to EUR 450,000 (the municipality may raise the threshold); other non-commercial property is taxed in brackets from 0% up to EUR 50,000 to 1% above EUR 1 million.
What this changes in the calculation
For comparison, the holding period relief is 5 years.
From January 1, 2026 non-employment income, including interest on deposits and bonds, is taxed at 15% as long as the annual total does not exceed 12 average salaries (EUR 27,745.80 in 2026); above that the rates are 20, 25 and 32%. Interest up to EUR 500 a year is tax free. EEA government bonds are exempt only if bought by December 31, 2013.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit, government bonds, corporate bonds: 15%; fund 15%.
From 2026 no tax is charged on the first SEK 300,000 in an ISK investment account (previously 150,000). Above the threshold the imputed income is 3.55%, an effective tax of 1.065% of the account value a year. Ordinary capital income at 30% is unchanged.
What this changes in the calculation
The 30% rate matches; for an investor using an ISK the burden is about 1.07% a year on the amount above SEK 300,000.
Interest on deposits in Finnish banks and on bonds of Finland, the Bank of Finland, municipalities and Finnish public issues bears a final withholding tax of 30% and is not part of capital income. Foreign deposits and bonds are taxed as capital income: 30% up to EUR 30,000, 34% above. The rule is not new.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit, government bonds, corporate bonds were 30 to 34%, become 30%; fund 30 to 34% matches.
From November 1 to November 14, 2026 the 10-year Maccabee bonds are sold at 6.07% (5.91% in the second half of September), maturing on November 1, 2036.
What this changes in the calculation
Israel’s dollar bonds return 0.16 points a year more.
From October 27, 2026 Hello bank! pays 2.80% a year on its 12 month Hello Max deposit for amounts from EUR 10,000 (previously 2.20%); the bank warns that the rate may change daily. From October 1, 2026 DISTINGO Bank raised its one-year deposit rate from 2.35 to 2.55%. Livret A stays at 1.70%.
What this changes in the calculation
The best euro deposit in France in the calculator is 2.80% instead of 2.35%.
At the reopening on July 28, 2026 the yield on UAE Ministry of Finance bonds maturing in January 2031 was 4.48%. The UAE central bank rate is 3.90%, unchanged.
On October 30, 2026 the 2.90% Bund maturing on February 15, 2036 cost 96.73% of par, a yield of 3.31%. The 2.50% Bobl maturing on April 16, 2031: price 97.36%, yield 3.14%.
What this changes in the calculation
Euro government bonds return 0.25 points a year less; the apartment looks slightly better against them.
Spain’s current 10-year issue is the 3.40% bond maturing on October 31, 2036. At the auction on October 1, 2026 the yield was 4.181% (September 17, 2026: 3.964%).
What this changes in the calculation
The yield on Spanish government bonds is about 0.45 points a year higher.
According to the National Bank of Georgia’s table of effective rates, a 12 month euro deposit at Credo Bank now earns 1.65% (previously 0.95%), and at Liberty Bank 1.60% (previously 1.50%). Other banks’ euro rates are unchanged; the best is still ProCredit at 1.95%.
What this changes in the calculation
A euro deposit at Credo in Georgia pays 0.7 points more a year.
At the Finance Ministry’s October auctions the 7-year MEUKAM yield was 13.90% (October 13, 2026, previously 14.00%) and the 12-year yield 13.89% (October 6, 2026, previously 14.47%). On October 23, 2026 the National Bank set the base rate at 15.75% (corridor from 14.75 to 16.75%), effective from October 27; the next decision is on December 4, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
12-year tenge government bonds return 0.58 points a year less.
Order No. 131/04 of the NBG President (since July 1, 2026) requires loans up to GEL 1,000,000 to be issued in lari, but under Article 1(3)(b) the rule does not apply when the borrower is not a citizen of Georgia; other exceptions: foreign currency income from the country of that currency, cash collateral. Current NBG limits: LTV 90% in lari, 70% in foreign currency; payment to income 25% (lari) and 20% (foreign currency) for income below GEL 1,500, 50% and 30% above.
What this changes in the calculation
A foreigner can take a mortgage in dollars; own funds of at least 30% (foreign currency) under the NBG LTV.
Under Article 82(1)(ტ) of the Tax Code, interest on debt securities of the state, the NBG and international financial institutions is exempt, and under Article 82(1)(უ) so is income from their sale. Law 1061 (in force since January 1, 2026) exempts interest on bonds that a Georgian company issued through a public offering before January 1, 2028 and that are admitted to trading on a market recognised by the NBG; the deadline refers to the issue date. Other interest paid to individuals is taxed at source at 5% (Article 131(1)).
What this changes in the calculation
Government bonds 0%; corporate bonds: 0% for listed Georgian issues, 5% for others.
According to the Slovak tax administration, the bank withholds a final 19% on deposit interest; 19% is withheld at source on corporate bonds of Slovak issuers; on redemption of units in Slovak funds, 19% of the gain. Interest on government bonds and treasury bills goes into a separate base taxed at 13% for payments from January 1, 2026 (previously 16%); citizen bonds are exempt. Dividends from profits from 2025 are taxed at 7%, a home sale after 5 years is tax-free, rent up to EUR 500 a year is tax-free, above that on the 19 / 25 / 30 / 35% scale.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit 19%, government bonds 13%, corporate bonds 19%, fund 19%.
The 22% rate is kept in 2026; the increase to 24% was cancelled by a parliamentary decision on December 3, 2025; the tax-free allowance is EUR 8,400 a year. Interest and gains are taxed at 22%; on an investment account tax arises when withdrawals exceed contributions. Letting a home under a lease: automatic 20% deduction; no deduction for short-term letting through platforms. The sale of a main home is tax-free; land tax is from 0.1 to 2%.
What this changes in the calculation
22% on deposits, government bonds, corporate bonds and funds.
A Georgian resident is exempt from tax on income from non-Georgian sources, so no foreign tax credit is needed. A resident is someone who spends 183 days or more in Georgia in any 12 consecutive months.
What this changes in the calculation
For a Georgian resident with an apartment abroad the tax in Georgia is 0; only the country where the property is located taxes it.
According to the tax service brochure, the levy for domestic tourism is up to 0.5% of the minimum wage per person per night (about UAH 43 in 2026), for inbound tourism up to 5%; the rate is set by the local council and paid through agents. From January 1, 2027 income received through platforms is taxed at 10% within the annual threshold and 23% above it, without the military levy; the platform withholds the tax.
What this changes in the calculation
For short letting in Ukraine from 2027: 10% of income received through a platform.
RDL 29/2026 was published in the BOE on October 7, 2026 (BOE-A-2026-20823), with 10% VAT from December 1, 2026; the Standing Committee of the Congress votes on November 12, 2026.
Under NBU Resolution No. 90 of August 10, 2026, the limit on buying non-cash foreign currency and making payments abroad from hryvnia accounts is UAH 200,000 a month, and from foreign currency accounts UAH 500,000 a month.
What this changes in the calculation
Paying for an apartment in Georgia from Ukraine is limited by the NBU limits.
According to the ANAF tax authority, income from Finance Ministry government bonds “sunt neimpozabile”, that is, not taxable (October 2026 Tezaur issue). From 2026, gains on securities through a Romanian intermediary are taxed at 3% for holdings of 365 days or more and 6% for shorter holdings; without a Romanian intermediary 16% (Law 239/2025). Dividends 16% since January 1, 2026 (Law 141/2025), interest 10%. The tax on expensive homes is 0.9% on the part above RON 2.5 million.
What this changes in the calculation
Government bonds 0% for Tezaur and Fidelis; funds 16% through a foreign broker, 3 or 6% through a Romanian intermediary. Deposits 10% and corporate bonds 10% match.
Deposit interest and most passive income are taxed at 18%, plus the 5% military levy in force since December 1, 2024. Income from Finance Ministry government bonds is not subject to income tax. Corporate bonds: 18% plus 5%.
What this changes in the calculation
The full burden on deposits and corporate bonds is 23%; government bonds 0% income tax.
Under the personal income tax law (Section 65(3)(a)(ab), since June 1, 2019), interest on government bonds for the public issued since that date is exempt; the 13% social contribution tax has not been charged on it since July 1, 2023. On October 1, 2026 the European Commission sent Hungary a formal notice about discrimination against bonds of other EU countries; the law has not changed.
What this changes in the calculation
Government bonds 0% for retail series; deposits 28%, corporate bonds 28%, funds 28%.
The treaty was signed on February 14, 1997 and entered into force on April 1, 1999: income from letting and selling property may be taxed by the country where the property is located (Articles 6 and 13), and Ukraine credits Georgian tax up to the amount of Ukrainian tax (Article 24). A resident’s foreign income is taxed at 18% plus the 5% military levy; the credit requires a legalised certificate from the Georgian tax authority with a translation.
What this changes in the calculation
A Ukrainian letting an apartment in Georgia: the Georgian 5% is credited; in Ukraine the top-up is to 18% plus the 5% military levy.
Income from selling property is taxed at 15%; after 5 years of ownership there is no tax (NAV tax authority). Purchase tax is 4% up to HUF 1 billion and 2% above. Rent is taxed at 15% with expenses deducted, or 10%.
The ZIURS law (adopted on May 11, 2026) cuts the rent tax from 25 to 15%, and to 5% for long-term letting to young families, retroactively from 2026. After a Constitutional Court decision and the collection of 42,694 signatures, the National Assembly on October 16, 2026 called a referendum for December 6, 2026 on whether the law should take effect. Rent is currently taxed at 25%. Gains: 25% up to 5 years, 20% up to 10, 15% up to 15, 0 after 15 years; deposit interest 25%, up to EUR 1,000 in EU banks tax-free.
Dividends from non-residents, mutual investment funds and non-payers of corporate profit tax are taxed at 9%, from a Ukrainian corporate profit tax payer at 5%, with the 5% military levy added.
What this changes in the calculation
Mutual fund payouts 9% (14% with the military levy); the gain on redemption of units has not been verified.
The first sale in a year of a home owned for more than 3 years is not taxed, and no military levy is paid either. The second sale in a year: resident 5%, non-resident 18%; the third and later sales 18%; plus the 5% military levy; the tax is paid before notarisation.
What this changes in the calculation
Selling an apartment in Ukraine after 3 years: 0; earlier: 5 plus 5%.
According to the government, the register is introduced from December 1, 2026 and registration is required by December 31, 2026; Fáilte Ireland says registration will open once the law is passed and the fee will be announced. The Short-Term Letting and Tourism Bill was published on October 6, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Short-let in Ireland requires registration; rates do not change.
Registering title on the e-government portal: a service fee of AMD 50,000 and a state duty of AMD 3,000; fast track from AMD 100,000 to 300,000. Home mortgages are issued in drams, but a non-resident individual may get one in foreign currency (Article 7 of the Law on Currency Regulation); bringing currency in and out is not restricted. From November 1, 2026 the fee for a temporary residence permit rises from AMD 105,000 to 150,000 and for a permanent one from AMD 140,000 to 250,000; buying property is not a ground for a residence permit.
What this changes in the calculation
Registration costs about AMD 53,000; the yield does not change.
Under Act III of 2026, from July 1, 2026 the eco contribution is EUR 1.50 per night per person aged 18 and over, capped at EUR 22.50 per visit. The 2027 budget (October 26, 2026) announced EUR 8 per night in hotels (capped at EUR 64) and EUR 10 in short-let apartments (capped at EUR 80) from January 1, 2027; there is no law yet.
What this changes in the calculation
For short-let in Malta the guest charge is EUR 1.50 per night now and EUR 10 from 2027 if the measure is adopted.
The apartment tax is calculated from a cadastral value close to market value (Law HO-332-N, from January 1, 2021): 0.05% up to AMD 10 million, then steps of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1%, and 1.5% on the excess above AMD 200 million. Transitional shares ran from 25% (2021) to 75% (2025); from 2026 the share is 100%. A transaction is not registered while property tax is owed.
What this changes in the calculation
An apartment worth AMD 40 million: 20,000 plus 0.2% × 15 million = AMD 50,000 a year (about 0.13%).
According to Revenue (eBrief 016/26), the exit tax on funds for individuals was cut from 41 to 38% from January 1, 2026 for Irish funds and equivalent EU, EEA and OECD funds. DIRT of 33% on deposit interest does not change.
What this changes in the calculation
Irish fund 38% in 2026; the 33% deposit rate matches.
The double taxation treaty entered into force on July 3, 2000. Income from letting and selling property may be taxed by the country where the property is located (Articles 6 and 13); interest is taxed in the source country at no more than 10%, dividends at 5% (holding of 25% or more) or 10%. An Armenian resident pays tax on worldwide income, and foreign tax is credited up to the amount of Armenian tax.
What this changes in the calculation
An Armenian with an apartment in Georgia: the Georgian 5% on rent is credited; in Armenia the top-up is to the Armenian rate.
According to Armenia’s national e-government portal, the tax rate on interest from bank deposits is 10%; interest on deposits and bonds is taxed at 10%. Interest and discount on government bonds are exempt, and coupons on bonds listed on the Armenian stock exchange are exempt.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit 10%, government bonds 0%, corporate bonds 0% if listed and 10% if not.
Income from selling shares, investment securities and investment fund units is exempt. Dividends are taxed at 5%, and dividends on shares listed in Armenia are exempt. Under Law HO-385-N of July 28, 2026, dividends on unlisted bank shares are taxed at 15% from February 1, 2027.
Interest on savings deposits and bonds paid by a Luxembourg paying agent bears the final RELIBI tax of 20%. Gains on securities and funds after 6 months of ownership are exempt (except holdings above 10%). A property sale within 5 years is taxed on the scale of up to 42%, later at half the average rate (no more than 21%), with an allowance of EUR 50,000 once every 10 years; a main home is exempt. Purchase duty is 7%, and the Bëllegen Akt tax credit is EUR 40,000 per person.
What this changes in the calculation
Deposit, government bonds and corporate bonds 20%; fund 0% after 6 months.
Deposit interest bears a final 15% withholding tax at the depositor’s option. Rent can be taxed at 15% of the gross amount by choice (10% for restored housing). A property sale is taxed at 8% of the price, or 10% if bought before January 1, 2004. Stamp duty on purchase is 5%; the first EUR 200,000 is permanently exempt for first-time buyers; the EUR 86,000 relief (replacing a sole home) and the EUR 750,000 relief (conservation areas) apply to transactions until December 31, 2026.
The double taxation treaty entered into force on April 28, 2011. Under Article 5(1)(b), a UAE resident is an individual who is a UAE national. Income from property is taxed in the country where it is located (Article 7); dividends and interest only in the country of residence (Articles 11 and 12); tax on gains from selling property in the country where it is located is reduced by 50% (Article 14(1)).
What this changes in the calculation
For an expatriate living in the UAE the treaty does not apply, according to its text; the UAE has no personal income tax, so the Georgian 5% on rent and 5% on a sale within 2 years are final.
The Dubai Land Department charges 4% of the price, a registrar fee of AED 2,100 (price up to AED 500,000) or AED 4,200, mortgage registration at 0.25% of the loan amount, AED 250 for the title deed and AED 4,000 plus VAT for service centre fees. Foreigners buy in freehold areas (Regulation 3/2006 and amendments).
What this changes in the calculation
Purchase costs in Dubai are about 4% of the price plus fixed fees.
Increases on renewal are capped by Decree No. 43 of 2013: if the rent is up to 10% below the index average, no increase is allowed; 11 to 20% below, up to 5%; 21 to 30% below, up to 10%; 31 to 40% below, up to 15%; more than 40% below, up to 20%. Since January 2, 2025 a new “smart” index with the same scale has applied. Changes to terms require 90 days’ notice, and eviction after the end of the contract requires 12 months’ notice through a notary or by registered mail. The tenant pays a municipal fee of 5% of the annual rent through the DEWA bill.
What this changes in the calculation
Rent growth in the model for Dubai is no more than 20% on renewal; the 5% fee is paid by the tenant, and by the owner if the owner lives there or the apartment is empty.
Under Central Bank rules (Circular 31/2013), an expatriate can borrow up to 80% of the value of a first home under AED 5 million and up to 70% above that, up to 60% for a second or investment property and up to 50% for off-plan property; the term is up to 25 years and payments may not exceed 50% of income. The central bank base rate has been 3.9% since September 17, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Own funds for an investment apartment must be at least 40% of the price.
The maximum tourist tax rate (Tax Code art. 418.5) is 1% in 2025, 2% in 2026, 3% in 2027, 4% in 2028 and 5% from 2029, but not less than RUB 100 per night. The actual rate is set by the municipality.
What this changes in the calculation
If the tourist tax applies to short-term lets, it is no more than 2% of revenue in 2026; rental income is subject to income tax separately.
From January 1, 2025 a resident's income from selling property, deposit interest, securities transactions and dividends is taxed at 13% on the part of the tax bases up to RUB 2.4 million and at 15% on the part above. The main base (salary and other income) is taxed on a scale of 13, 15, 18, 20 and 22% with thresholds of RUB 2.4, 5, 20 and 50 million.
What this changes in the calculation
The Russia preset uses 13% on sale: correct for gains up to RUB 2.4 million a year, the part above RUB 2.4 million is taxed at 15%.
According to the tax service, a resident's foreign income is taxed at the rates of art. 101.2 of the Tax Code, stated as 14% in a reply of February 3, 2026; the tax is reduced by tax withheld abroad (art. 127). Gains on selling shares are taxed at 14% on the difference between sale and purchase price, with a return due by March 31.
What this changes in the calculation
For an Azerbaijani resident with an apartment in Georgia, rent and sale gains are, per the tax service's replies, taxed at 14% with credit for Georgian tax; there is no direct guidance on property abroad.
A Russian resident's income from renting out and selling an apartment abroad is reported on form 3-NDFL by April 30, and the tax is paid by July 15 of the following year. A sale after the minimum holding period (5 years; 3 years for an only home, inheritance or a gift from a close relative) is not taxed.
What this changes in the calculation
A Russian selling an apartment in Georgia after 5 years pays no tax in either country; from 2 to 5 years: 0 in Georgia, 13% in Russia (15% above RUB 2.4 million); within 2 years: 5% in Georgia plus 13% in Russia with no credit.
Russia is not on the Georgian Ministry of Finance's list of treaties in force (58 countries), and Georgia is absent from the Russian Ministry of Finance's list as of July 14, 2026. Without a treaty, tax paid abroad is not credited in Russia.
What this changes in the calculation
For a Russian tax resident, the Georgian 5% on rent and the tax on a sale within 2 years are not credited: Russian income tax is paid on the full income on top of the Georgian tax.
Law No. 4903-IX was signed on October 22, 2026 and took effect on October 23, 2026. The new wording of para. 170.1.5 of the Tax Code (5% instead of 18% on an individual's rental income) is not among the provisions deferred to January 1, 2027 and applies from the law's entry into force, as confirmed by the tax service on October 23, 2026. The 5% military levy remains. From January 1, 2027 rentals through digital platforms move to a separate regime with a 10% rate.
What this changes in the calculation
Rental income accrued from October 23, 2026: 5% tax plus 5% military levy, 10% in total instead of 23%; income accrued before October 23, 2026: 23%.
On September 16, 2026 the Fed raised the federal funds target range by 0.25 points to 3.75 to 4.00%. FIRPTA withholding on a property sale by a foreigner is 15% (0 if the buyer will live in the property and the price is up to USD 300,000).
What this changes in the calculation
Dollar deposit and mortgage rates are higher; tax rates are unchanged.
From January 1, 2026 an individual's income from renting out housing is taxed at 10% at source (Tax Code art. 124.1), down from 14%. If the tenant is not a withholding agent, the landlord pays the 10% and files a return. In the tax service's example, rent of AZN 500 a month gives AZN 600 of tax a year.
What this changes in the calculation
For an apartment in Azerbaijan, tax on rent goes from 14% to 10% of gross income.
An individual seller pays a simplified tax of AZN 15 per m² adjusted by a zonal coefficient, withheld by the notary (Tax Code art. 218-1). The sale is exempt if the seller was registered in the apartment for at least 3 years (from January 1, 2020, previously 5 years). 30 m² are exempt regardless of the period.
What this changes in the calculation
For an apartment in Azerbaijan, the sale tax is based on floor area, not on the gain.
The treaty was signed in Baku on February 18, 1997, entered into force on December 1, 1997 and applies from January 1, 1998. Rental income and gains on selling property may be taxed by the country where the apartment is located (arts. 6 and 13); interest and dividends are taxed at no more than 10% in the source country. Azerbaijan reduces its tax by the tax paid in Georgia, but by no more than the Azerbaijani tax on the same income (art. 23).
What this changes in the calculation
For an Azerbaijani resident with an apartment in Georgia, the Georgian 5% on rent is credited against Azerbaijani tax; there is no double tax beyond the higher of the two rates.
A general exemption for deposit interest applied from February 1, 2016 to February 1, 2023. Under a law of December 2023, interest on manat deposits up to AZN 200 a month in each bank is exempt indefinitely; a manat deposit of 18 months or longer is fully exempt for 3 years. Other interest, including on foreign currency deposits, is taxed at 10% at source.
What this changes in the calculation
For an Azerbaijani resident with a deposit in Azerbaijan: a manat deposit within the exemption is taxed at 0, a foreign currency deposit at 10%.
An Azerbaijani tax resident (more than 182 days a year) pays tax on worldwide income. Foreign income on which no tax was withheld in Azerbaijan is reported in a return by March 31 of the following year; the tax service receives data on foreign income and accounts through automatic exchange. Foreign tax is credited up to the Azerbaijani tax on that income; the excess is not carried forward.
What this changes in the calculation
Income from an apartment in Georgia must be reported in Azerbaijan; Georgian tax reduces the Azerbaijani tax.
Under Central Bank Rules No. 45/1 an individual may transfer up to USD 20,000 abroad without supporting documents (per calendar month in the rules, per day in a 2023 press release); payments for property abroad require documents. Cash taken out: up to USD 10,000 oral declaration, USD 10,000 to 50,000 written declaration with proof of import, above that only by bank transfer.
What this changes in the calculation
No change to the rates; an apartment in Georgia is paid for by transfer with the contract.
Individuals' property tax is based on floor area: Baku AZN 0.4 per m² (with a coefficient of 0.7 to 1.5), Ganja, Sumgait, Khirdalan and Absheron 0.3, other cities 0.2, towns and villages 0.1. The first 30 m² of housing are exempt; payment is in two parts by August 15 and November 15.
What this changes in the calculation
An 80 m² apartment in Baku: about AZN 20 of tax a year before the coefficient.
Dividends, interest and discount on securities publicly placed on a regulated market are exempt for 5 years from February 1, 2023. Dividends of Azerbaijani companies are taxed at a final 5% at source; dividends of foreign companies are taxed at 5% instead of 14% from January 1, 2026, reported by the resident.
What this changes in the calculation
Dividends from a Georgian company for an Azerbaijani resident: 5% in Georgia, 5% in Azerbaijan with credit for the Georgian tax.
Capital gains tax in the tax year from April 6, 2026 is 18 and 24%, with a GBP 3,000 annual exempt amount. A non-resident pays a 2 point surcharge on stamp duty land tax, and a buyer of an additional home pays a further 5 points.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on selling an apartment in the UK is 18 or 24% of the gain; a non-resident buying an additional home pays stamp duty 7 points above the base rates.
From October 1, 2026 the Deposit Guarantee Fund set a maximum rate of 2.5% on foreign currency savings deposits with a term of 24 months or more; other foreign currency deposits are capped at 1%.
What this changes in the calculation
A dollar deposit at a Kazakhstani bank for 2 years or more earns up to 2.5% a year, shorter terms up to 1%.
The treaty was signed on November 11, 1997, ratified by Law No. 273-I of July 9, 1998 and entered into force on July 5, 2000. Kazakhstan reduces its tax by the tax paid in Georgia, up to the Kazakhstani tax on the same income; the credit requires a certificate from the Georgian tax authority with a notarized translation.
What this changes in the calculation
Georgian rent for a Kazakhstan resident: the Georgian 5% is credited, with a top-up in Kazakhstan of 5% (to 10%) or 10% (to 15%) on income above 8,500 MCI.
From 2025, on top of the 3% surtax on high income, a further 2% applies to capital income (interest, dividends, gains) above ILS 721,560 a year; the threshold is frozen through 2027. Under Tax Authority directive 5/2025, rent that is not a business counts as capital income, and income taxed at the 15% rate is included in the surtax base.
What this changes in the calculation
For a typical investor with an apartment in Georgia nothing changes, 15% remains; the part of income above the threshold is taxed at 20%, and the 25% on interest and gains becomes 30%.
Gains on selling units of open-end and interval mutual funds, government securities, debt securities of Kazakhstani issuers and securities on the official list of the Kazakhstan stock exchange sold in open trading are exempt. Interest is taxed at 10% on annual income up to 8,500 MCI (KZT 36,762,500 in 2026) and 15% above; dividends at 5% up to 230,000 MCI and 15% above, 0 for securities on the exchange's official list.
What this changes in the calculation
The site shows 10 to 15% for a fund in Kazakhstan: for units of Kazakhstani open-end funds and securities on the exchange's official list the gain is taxed at 0, for others at 10 or 15%.
On October 16, 2026 the Spanish tax agency added to its VAT news the measure of Royal Decree-Law 29/2026: rentals of housing for up to 30 nights, unless it is the landlord's main home, are subject to 10% VAT from December 1, 2026. The decree must be validated by the Congress standing committee; the previous decree RDL 26/2026 lapsed on October 2, 2026 for lack of validation.
What this changes in the calculation
Short-let in Spain gets 10% VAT added from December 1, 2026; if the decree is not validated, the measure falls away.
Directive 329 (version 13 of June 30, 2026): an only home up to 75% of value, a replacement home up to 70%, an investment apartment up to 50%. The directive has no separate rule for non-residents.
What this changes in the calculation
For a rental apartment in Israel, own funds must be at least 50% of the price.
In 2026 residential rental income is exempt up to ILS 5,654 a month, partially up to ILS 11,308; the amount is frozen from 2025 to 2027. Other regimes: 10% of gross income or the general scale with deductible expenses. From the 2024 tax year the lease is attached to the return.
What this changes in the calculation
For an apartment in Israel, tax on rent up to the threshold is 0, above it 10% of gross income or the scale.
The exemption for gains on property sold within 5 years of purchase is TRY 150,000 for 2026 income, up from TRY 120,000 (Income Tax General Communiqué No. 332, Official Gazette No. 32124 of December 31, 2025). After 5 years of ownership the gain is not taxed.
What this changes in the calculation
The exemption threshold on a sale within 5 years rises from TRY 120,000 to TRY 150,000.
The treaty entered into force on November 22, 2011 and applies from January 1, 2012; from July 1, 2019 it applies as modified by the OECD multilateral convention. Rental income and gains on selling property may be taxed by the country where the apartment is located (arts. 6 and 13); interest is taxed at no more than 5% in the source country, dividends at 0 or 5%; Israel credits Georgian tax (art. 22).
What this changes in the calculation
For an Israeli, the Georgian 5% on rent is credited against Israeli tax under the general scale; under the 15% regime of sec. 122A there is no credit.
A Cyprus resident pays a 2.65% GeSY contribution on rental income, interest and dividends; the income taken into account is capped at EUR 180,000 a year. The 2026 tax reform did not change the contribution.
What this changes in the calculation
Add 2.65% to the Cyprus rates for a resident: a deposit with domicile 17% + 2.65%, dividends 5% + 2.65%.
An Israeli resident pays 25% on the real gain from selling an apartment abroad; the inflationary part of the gain is exempt.
What this changes in the calculation
On a sale after 2 years of ownership the Georgian tax is 0 and the Israeli tax is 25% of the real gain; on a sale within 2 years the Georgian 5% is credited and Israel collects the top-up to 25%.
Interest from financial institutions and on traded securities not linked to the consumer price index is taxed at 15%, other interest at 25%; dividends and gains on shares and funds at 25%, or 30% for a holder of 10% or more.
What this changes in the calculation
The site shows 25% for Israeli government and corporate bonds; for non-indexed shekel bonds the correct rate is 15%.
Budget bill 2027 No. 110/XVII/2.ª was tabled on October 8, 2026. Purchase tax (IMT) brackets are indexed by 2.3%, and the exemption threshold for a main home rises from EUR 106,346 to EUR 108,792. The final vote is scheduled for November 24, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing changes yet; the 7.5% rate for non-residents is unchanged.
Art. 17(10) of the IMT Code (as amended by Decree-Law 97/2026): a non-resident buying housing pays 7.5% with no reliefs. The difference is refunded if the buyer becomes resident within 2 years or, within 6 months, rents the home at a price within the limit for at least 36 months of the first 5 years.
What this changes in the calculation
Purchase costs for a non-resident are 7.5% of the price; part is refunded on relocation or moderate-rent letting.
Under art. 72 of the IRS Code, residential rental income is taxed at 25%, other rent at 28%; for long leases the rate is reduced by 10, 15 or 20 points. Under Decree-Law 97/2026, moderate rent (up to 2.5 times the monthly minimum wage) is taxed at 10% from January 1, 2026 to December 31, 2029.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on residential rent in Portugal is 25% before reductions, not 28%; 10% for moderate rent.
For property bought before March 31, 2002 and sold after December 31, 2026, the effective capital gains tax burden rises from 4.2% to 6% of the sale price (double budget 2027 and 2028). The 30% rate and the 25% and 27.5% rates on deposits and securities are unchanged.
Law No. 1874 was published on September 30, 2026 and took effect the same day. Property of a family whose income for the previous year is GEL 100,000 or less is exempt; the intermediate rate for incomes of GEL 40,000 to 100,000 was abolished. Above the threshold the rate is 0.8% to 1% of market value, set by the municipality. Returns are due by November 2, 2026 and payment by November 16, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
If family income is up to GEL 100,000, property tax is 0. If it is higher or not stated, the calculation uses 0.8% a year.
From August 30, 2026 the cadastre will not register a sale until the seller pays the property tax on it. From January 1, 2027 apartment owners do not pay tax on their share of land and common areas (Law HO-407-N).
What this changes in the calculation
Property tax is slightly lower from 2027; check the seller's tax debt before buying.
From July 1, 2026 the lowest income tax rate fell from 16% to 15%. The ban on foreigners buying established homes is extended to June 30, 2029. From July 1, 2027 the 50% capital gains discount is replaced by indexing the purchase price to inflation with a minimum tax of 30%; the law has passed parliament.
What this changes in the calculation
The resident scale is 15 to 45% instead of 16 to 45%; gains after July 1, 2027 on an apartment bought before the reform follow the new rules.
From July 1, 2026 the threshold for mandatory lari lending to individuals rose to GEL 1,000,000. A foreign currency loan is possible if the borrower earns in that currency.
What this changes in the calculation
A mortgage on an apartment under GEL 1 million is calculated in lari, at lari rates.
Presidential Decision No. 11444 (Official Gazette No. 33286, June 20, 2026) extended to December 31, 2026 the 0% rate on government bonds, treasury bills and lease certificates bought from July 1, 2026. There is no decision for 2027 yet.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on Turkish government bond income was 10%; it is 0% until December 31, 2026 and returns to 10% in 2027 unless extended.
The tax reform laws were published on December 31, 2025 and apply from January 1, 2026. For a resident domiciled in Cyprus the defence contribution on interest is 17%, on Cyprus and EU government bonds and exchange-traded bonds 3%, and on dividends 5% instead of 17%. A resident not domiciled in Cyprus pays no tax on interest and dividends. Rent is exempt from the contribution and subject only to income tax.
What this changes in the calculation
For a domiciled resident: deposit 17%, government bonds 3%, corporate bonds 17% (exchange-traded 3%); for a non-domiciled resident 0%.
Law No. 1061 extended to January 1, 2028 the fixed income tax for individuals letting their own home short term (Tax Code, art. 309(24)). Conditions: an application, no voluntary VAT registration, turnover of no more than GEL 100,000 in any 12 months.
What this changes in the calculation
Short-let in Georgia is taxed at a fixed amount; we are confirming the amount.
Law 5246/2025 set rates of 15% up to EUR 12,000, 25% from EUR 12,000 to 24,000, 35% from EUR 24,000 to 36,000 and 45% above. New leases of 3 years or more signed by December 31, 2026 on homes up to 120 m² are exempt for 36 months.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on rent of EUR 12,000 to 24,000 a year fell from 35% to 25%.
Gains on selling property in Cyprus are taxed at 20%; lifetime allowances from 2026 are EUR 30,000 in general and EUR 150,000 for a main home. Transfer fees are 3% up to EUR 85,000, 5% up to EUR 170,000 and 8% above; a 50% discount applies if the sale is without VAT, and no fee is due on a purchase with VAT. There has been no property tax since 2017.
What this changes in the calculation
Transfer fees on a EUR 200,000 resale apartment without VAT are EUR 9,200, EUR 4,600 with the 50% discount (2.3% of the price); a new build bought with VAT has no fee.
The Public Registry fee for registering ownership is GEL 150 for 4 working days, GEL 270 for 1 day and GEL 350 for same-day service. Georgia has no transfer tax or stamp duty. Foreigners buy housing freely; the restriction applies to agricultural land.
What this changes in the calculation
Purchase costs without an agent or notary are under 0.1% of the price.
Joint ministerial decision 225563 ΕΞ 2025 (Government Gazette B' 7200 of December 31, 2025) bans new short-let registrations in Athens districts 1, 2 and 3 until December 31, 2026; the fine is 50% of income and at least EUR 20,000. No act extending the ban to December 31, 2027 has been found.
What this changes in the calculation
In these districts, count only long-term rent until the end of 2026.
Under article 90 of Law 5162/2024 capital gains tax on property sales by individuals is suspended until December 31, 2026. An extension to 2027 is under discussion.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on selling an apartment in Greece in 2026 is 0.
On October 18, 2026 a bill was put to consultation: transfer tax of 15% instead of 3% for individuals from outside the EU and EEA. Consultation runs to November 1, 2026; reported start dates differ (January 1 or July 1, 2027).
What this changes in the calculation
If adopted, purchase costs for non-EU buyers rise from about 3% to about 15% of the price.
The budget was announced on October 6, 2026; the Finance (No. 2) Bill 2026 was published on October 19, 2026 and is going through parliament. Capital gains tax of 31% instead of 33% applies to disposals from October 7, 2026 (development land stays at 33%); Irish fund exit tax falls from 38% to 35% from January 1, 2027. The deposit interest tax (DIRT) rate is unchanged.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax on selling an apartment goes from 33% to 31%; fund income tax is 38% now and 35% from 2027; final once the bill is enacted.
An Israeli resident may pay 15% of gross income from renting out housing abroad (sec. 122A), deducting only depreciation; foreign tax is not credited in this regime. The alternative is the general scale with a credit for foreign tax.
What this changes in the calculation
For an Israeli with an apartment in Georgia, rent is taxed either at 15% in Israel with no credit or on the scale with a credit for the Georgian 5%.
Bill No. 8800 proposes raising accelerated depreciation on new rental housing from 4% to 6% a year from the 2026 tax year, where the base does not exceed EUR 1,600,000. From 2028 the tax on property sale gains would be withheld at the time of the transaction.
What this changes in the calculation
If adopted, tax on rental income from a new apartment falls; the sale tax rate does not change.
The bill is at second reading: from January 1, 2027 dividend tax rises from 6% to 8%, capital gains are taxed on 100% of the amount instead of 50%, and local property tax rates range from 0.05% to 1%. The 6% tax on deposit interest remains for now.
What this changes in the calculation
If adopted, tax on selling an apartment roughly doubles.
Under the 2027 Tax Plan, transfer tax on housing the buyer does not occupy falls from 8% to 7% from January 1, 2027. The 2% rate for owner-occupied housing is unchanged. Parliamentary votes are in November and December 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
If adopted, purchase costs for a rental apartment go from 8% to 7% of the price.
On October 8, 2026 the Sejm passed a law: short-term rentals of up to 30 days require a registry number shown in the listing, with fines up to PLN 50,000. From January 1, 2028 residents of a building can vote to ban short-term rentals. The law is before the Senate; most provisions take effect 14 days after publication.
What this changes in the calculation
The tax rate does not change; short-let in Poland will require registration.
On the day of the Fed decision (from 3.75 to 4.00%, unchanged), the UAE central bank left its base rate at 3.9%, in force since September 17, 2026; for the central bank’s lending operations the rate is the base rate plus 0.50 percentage points.
Decision No. 11734 (RG September 5, 2026) raised the withholding on money market funds 0 → 10%, but according to KPMG it applies to capital companies, not individuals.
The scale of 1.92% to 35% for interest and 10% on gains from listed shares are confirmed (PwC, August 6, 2026). The Senate passed the 2027 revenue law on October 27, 2026: the advance withholding on interest of 0.90% becomes 0.68% from January 1, 2027; publication in the DOF was not found. The income tax law reform was passed on November 3, 2026; the changes concern companies.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing; 0.68% is a withholding credited against the annual tax.
The package was submitted together with the 2027 budget and has been discussed in committee since November 5, 2026. For individuals: rent in Azerbaijan declared with expenses deducted instead of withholding at source, dividends of agricultural company founders 5%, late payment interest 0.05% a day instead of 0.1%. Publications show no changes to deposit interest, foreign income or tax credits; the bill number and reading dates were not found.
Interest on CDBs and bonds is taxed by term at 22.5 / 20 / 17.5 / 15% (PwC, September 23, 2026); LCI, LCA, CRI and CRA are exempt, and no new 2026 measure was found. Equity funds and ETFs 15%. Law 15.270/2025: 10% on dividends above 50,000 reais a month from one company from January 1, 2026.
The bill is being discussed at the National Assembly session: foreigners may buy apartments only, no more than 30% of a building, for 50 years with an extension of 50; landed houses are prohibited.
PwC (May 12, 2026): interest is taxed at scale rates up to 30%, long term gains on shares and equity funds at 12.5% (the first 125,000 rupees tax free), short term gains at 20%. No new CBDT notifications were found after October 24, 2026.
PwC (August 7, 2026) confirms 20.315% on interest, bonds, dividends and gains on listed shares. The Bank of Japan left its rate unchanged on October 30, 2026 (1.25%).
Decision of the National Bank of Moldova on November 5, 2026: base rate 11.00% (previously 9.00% since September 17, 2026), overnight loans 13.00%, deposits 9.00%. The next meeting is on December 17, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Tax rates do not change; rates on deposits and loans in lei are rising.
The budget tabled on November 5, 2026 proposes extending the ban on foreigners buying existing homes by two years, to January 1, 2029, and excluding new homes from the ban. The ban currently runs to January 1, 2027; tax rates and the taxable share of gains (one half) are unchanged. The Bank of Canada raised its rate to 2.50% on October 28, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Savings rates unchanged; for a purchase by a foreigner after January 1, 2027, a “may be extended” note.
On November 5, 2026 the Bank Board of the Czech National Bank raised the two-week repo rate from 3.75 to 4.00%; the new rate applies from November 6, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Czech savings rates do not change; mortgage and alternative return assumptions are 0.25 points higher.
The memorandum of the 2026 Economic Plan law proposed section 141ג: platforms would report on landlords with 10 or more transactions and over ILS 8,000 a year, with fines of ILS 20,000 and ILS 1,000 per user. Whether the rule made it into the final text is not confirmed.
The Federal Council has put the reform into force from January 1, 2029: the Eigenmietwert is abolished, mortgage interest is deductible only for the share of property that is let, and cantons may introduce a tax on second homes. Savings rates are unchanged: interest on the scale, the 35% withholding is credited, gains on securities and fund units 0%; the SNB rate is 0%.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; from 2029 the rental model deducts interest only for the let property.
The package of measures was tabled in parliament on November 4, 2026: from July 1, 2027 the transfer tax on home purchases by individuals who are tax residents of countries outside the EU and EEA rises from 3 to 15%, subject to some exemptions. The bill number and the vote date were not found.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; once adopted, purchase costs in Greece for such buyers will rise by 12 points.
The bill introducing a 13 to 22% scale for interest and dividends from 2027 passed its first reading on October 29, 2026; amendments are accepted until November 12, 2026, and the second reading is scheduled for November 19, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; currently 0 to 15% for deposits and 13 to 15% for bonds and funds.
The Federal Council’s draft: citizens of countries outside the EU and EFTA would need a permit for a main home too and would have to sell within 2 years on leaving; fund units of real estate funds and listed residential companies would be closed to foreigners. The consultation closed on July 15, 2026; there is no message to parliament. On September 22, 2026 the National Council adopted motion 24.3961 on returning to the 1985 rules; next is the Council of States.
The 2027 income tax reform bill (BT-Drs. 21/8235): tax-free allowance EUR 12,564, 45% rate from EUR 250,000, a new 47% from EUR 280,000; it does not change the 26.375% rate or the 10 year rule; first reading on October 8, 2026, hearings on November 4, 2026. The rent reform (BT-Drs. 21/6807): a cap on index-linked rent above 3% a year, a separate furniture surcharge, temporary lets of up to 6 months; hearings on October 14, 2026, no vote date.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; once adopted, tax on rent will rise for high incomes.
The 25% Abgeltungsteuer plus the 5.5% solidarity surcharge on it gives 26.375% (church tax of 8 or 9% of the tax on top). The tax-free allowance is EUR 1,000 per person, EUR 2,000 for spouses. Funds get a partial exemption: equity funds 30%, mixed funds 15%, real estate funds 60%, foreign real estate funds 80% (§20 InvStG); the base rate for the Vorabpauschale for 2026 is 3.20% (BMF letter of January 13, 2026).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing: the rate is 26.375% for deposits, government bonds, corporate bonds and funds; for an equity fund the effective burden is 18.46% (26.375 × 0.7, calculation).
Law No. 1904 of October 28, 2026 (published on October 30, 2026, in force on publication) introduced a 20% rate on winnings in international tournaments and an exemption for foreigners when the prize fund exceeds GEL 3,000,000. The consolidated version of October 15, 2026 reflects Law No. 1888 (extension of the VAT exemption on supplies of real estate until January 1, 2033).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing; rates on rent, sale and property are unchanged.
From January 1, 2026 the PFU flat tax consists of 12.8% income tax and 18.6% social contributions (CSG raised from 9.2 to 10.6%, LFSS 2026, art. 12). Livret A, LDDS and LEP are exempt from the PFU; PEL, CEL, assurance-vie and income from unfurnished lettings remain at 17.2% contributions.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing: the rate is 31.4% for deposits, government bonds, corporate bonds and funds; Livret A is 0%, and a PEA after 5 years pays only the 18.6% contributions.
When letting your own home through a platform that reports to the tax authority, DKK 35,100 is tax free in 2026 (DKK 13,800 without such a platform), and a further 40% is deducted from the rest. Savings rates (up to 42%, shares and funds 27 and 42%, threshold DKK 79,400) match.
What this changes in the calculation
Rates do not change; for short-let in Denmark the tax-free amount is DKK 35,100.
The 2027 budget bill (No. 3210) was tabled on October 1, 2026; the finance committee rejected it and the floor debate is under way; the Senate votes on December 9, with a deadline of December 17. Article 7: LMNP depreciation of no more than 2.5% of value and EUR 7,000 a year (tourist accommodation 1.5% and EUR 5,000). Amendments abolishing holding period allowances and replacing the IFI with a tax on financial wealth were rejected on October 16.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; if article 7 is adopted, LMNP income is taxed more because of lower depreciation.
Fastighetsavgift for 2026: SEK 10,425 for a private house or 0.75% of the assessed value if that is lower; SEK 1,784 per apartment in a multi-unit building or 0.3%. The rot repair deduction has returned to 30% (the temporary 50% applied until December 31, 2025). Interest on unsecured loans is not deductible from 2026.
Budget bill HE 175/2026 was submitted to the Eduskunta on September 21, 2026: corporate income tax from 20 to 18%, a cut in tax on earned income (HE 174/2026, scale thresholds +3.2%). The materials read show no changes to capital income rates or the threshold. Transfer tax on housing of 1.5% (shares) and 3% (real estate) is unchanged.
In the KPMG Tax Briefing Book (January 2024), interest paid to a resident is taxed at source at 5% with no exemption, as in Deloitte 2024 and Andersen 2026. The 5% withholding rate was introduced by Law No. 118-Iს of December 20, 2012 (art. 131(1)).
A bill raising tax-free interest from EUR 500 to EUR 2,000 a year has been submitted (explanatory note on lrv.lt, September 2026). The 2027 budget has been submitted to the Seimas as No. XVP-1980 and does not change tax rates.
Annual inflation in the euro area in September 2026 was 3.8%. This is above the 3-year average the calculator uses: 3.29% for the euro (years 2023 to 2025).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet: the calculator uses annual averages for 2016 to 2025; data for 2026 will appear in early 2027.
Annual inflation in the US in September 2026 was 3.7% (core 2.6%). This is above the 3-year average the calculator uses: 3.2% for the dollar (years 2023 to 2025).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet: the calculator uses annual averages for 2016 to 2025; data for 2026 will appear in early 2027.
Under Article 15 of the Law on the Legal Status of Aliens, an investment residence permit is granted for an investment of USD 300,000 or more (with an audit report) or for non-agricultural property worth more than USD 300,000; a turnover of USD 50,000 is required in the first year, USD 100,000 in the second and USD 120,000 in the third and later years. A short-term residence permit for property starts from USD 150,000 (Law 865, since March 1, 2026). Law 1803 (since September 1, 2026): when the permit is renewed, an owner who still holds the property does not need a new valuation, and renewals of temporary permits are limited to 12 years. The fee is GEL 300, 450 or 600 depending on the term; a property owner can get a permanent permit after 5 years.
Amendments to the Law on Tourism (Law 1630, since June 1, 2026) introduced mandatory registration in the National Tourism Administration database only for guides, tour operators and travel agents; according to the explanatory note, the law introduces no taxes or fees. There is no act or bill on a tourist tax. The fixed tax regime for short letting one’s own home applies until January 1, 2028 (turnover up to GEL 100,000 in 12 months, no VAT, on application).
An individual’s income from letting a home for living is taxed at 5% with no deductions. On a home sale, 5% is charged on the difference between the sale and purchase price; after 2 years of ownership the sale is exempt if the home was not used in a business. Dividends are taxed at 5% at source; since January 1, 2026 dividends of non-financial companies paid out of profits received from financial institutions are exempt (Law 1061).
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing; the 5% on a sale is calculated on the gain.
A bill amending Articles 141 and 144 of the Spatial Planning Code extends the temporary procedure for review of documentation and technical supervision. It does not concern taxes or rent.
Interest, bonds, funds and gains are taxed at 25.5% (transactions started before December 31, 2024: 20% from 2025 to 2027); a 3% surcharge applies to annual income above EUR 200,000. A home sale is tax-free after 60 months of ownership with 12 months of registration, or if it is the only property. The state fee for registering title for individuals has been 1.5% since July 1, 2021.
According to Deloitte, Budget 2026 sets rates of 24, 44 and 49% for savings and property income from April 6, 2027 instead of 22, 42 and 47%; they will be enacted by the Finance Bill 2026-27, which had not been published as of October 31.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; once the law is passed, deposits and bonds from 24 to 49%.
Rent: 10% of the base after a 20% deduction; short letting of up to 7 rooms: 10% after a 30% deduction; the 10% CASS health contribution applies when investment income is at least 6 minimum wages. Sale: 3% if held up to 3 years, 1% if longer, withheld by the notary. Tax on homes from 0.1 to 0.2%.
The 10% rate on rental income has applied since January 1, 2020 (Article 150(7) of the Tax Code), with another 10% on the part of annual income above AMD 60 million. A letting must be reported within 5 days; the fine is 5% of the cadastral value (no more than AMD 500,000). From June 1, 2027 the same rates apply to letting through a manager (Law HO-391-N). The annual return for 2025 is due by November 1, 2026; for 2026 and later years, from March 2 to July 1 of the following year.
Bill No. 8800 (October 7, 2026): accelerated depreciation on new rental housing from 4 to 6% (buildings up to 6 years old); the speculative period for securities and funds from 6 to 12 months; tax on property sales withheld at the transaction from 2028. Bills 8806 (Bëllegen Akt from EUR 40,000 to 45,000 for deeds from July 16, 2026) and 8807 (exempting off-plan purchases from the duty on the construction until July 16, 2029) were filed on July 24, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing yet; if passed, funds 0% only after 12 months of ownership.
A 25% tax on retained profits of companies with turnover of up to EUR 1 million, with dividends still at 35%; housing schemes are extended for 2027 with no new dates or amounts.
The law of April 6, 2026 was published in the Moniteur belge on April 21, 2026: gains on financial assets are taxed at 10% from January 1, 2026, with withholding at source from June 1, 2026; the tax-free amount is EUR 10,000 a year, indexed, and up to EUR 1,000 of the unused part can be carried forward each year (up to EUR 15,000). The 30% tax on interest and dividends has not changed.
What this changes in the calculation
Nothing; fund 10%, deposits and bonds 30%, matching.
Under Cabinet Decision No. 65 of 2022 (Article 8), a golden visa is granted to the owner of property worth AED 2 million or more, including off-plan property from an approved developer and property bought with a mortgage from an approved bank. According to the ICP and GDRFAD pages (September and October 2026), the visa is for 10 years.
What this changes in the calculation
The yield does not change; the visa requires an apartment from AED 2 million.
There is no personal income tax at either federal or emirate level; withholding tax on interest and dividends is 0%. Under Cabinet Decision No. 49 of 2023, an individual’s income from personal investments and from letting and selling property in the UAE without a licence is not counted as turnover for corporate tax. There is no property tax, no capital gains tax and no currency control.
Under the 2027 tax plan, the box 3 rate is 36% and the tax-free allowance is EUR 60,098. The actual return tax bill (36 748) was passed by the House of Representatives on February 12, 2026; the Senate postponed its vote pending amendments; entry into force is by royal decree, with January 1, 2028 as the target.
On October 23, 2026 the National Bank kept the base rate at 15.75% with a corridor of plus or minus 1 point; September inflation was 9.3%. The next decision is due December 4, 2026.
Law No. 1888 was adopted on October 15, 2026 and took effect on October 16, 2026. Supplies of real estate and related construction works are exempt from VAT until January 1, 2033 (Tax Code, art. 309, para. 79).
What this changes in the calculation
No change to the calculator: 18% VAT is not built into new-build prices.
The D5 immigration visa is granted to owners of non-agricultural property with a market value above USD 150,000 (Law on the Legal Status of Aliens, art. 7(3)). The threshold rose from USD 100,000 on March 1, 2026.
What this changes in the calculation
Yield does not change; residence requires an apartment worth more than USD 150,000.
The 2027 finance bill was tabled in parliament on October 23, 2026. From January 1, 2027 it proposes a scale of 0, 10, 20, 34 and 37% with an exemption threshold of MAD 60,000, and a top rate of 30% by 2030. It does not change the rates on interest and dividends; dividends are taxed at 10% from 2027 under an earlier law.
What this changes in the calculation
The 30% rates on deposits and bonds do not change.